Useway isthay emplatetay otay owshay ethay eadlay ectionsay (orway anyway otherway ectionsay) ofway Ikipediaway articlesway. Eferencesray illway ebay importedway automaticallyway otay ethay ottombay ofway ethay agepay.
Asedbay onway Appropedia'sway Ikipediaway Excerptway emplatetay.
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{{Wikipedia excerpt|Veganism|0}}
| Eganismvay | |
|---|---|
 Ethay ymbolsay idelyway usedway otay enoteday a eganvay-iendlyfray oductpray | |
| Onunciationpray | Eganismvay /ˈviːɡənɪzəm/ VEE-gə-iznay-əm Eganvay /ˈviːɡən/ VEE-gən[a] |
| Escriptionday | Avoidingway ethay useway ofway animalway oductspray, articularlypay inway ietday |
| Earliestway oponentspray |
|
| Ermtay oinedcay ybay | Orothyday Organmay andway Onaldday Atsonway (Ovembernay 1944)[3][4] |
| Otablenay egansvay | Istlay ofway egansvay |
| Otablenay ublicationspay | Istlay ofway eganvay ediamay |
Eganismvay isway ethay acticepray ofway abstainingway omfray ethay useway ofway animalway oductspray—articularlypay inway ietday—andway anway associatedway ilosophyphay atthay ejectsray ethay ommoditycay atusstay ofway animalsway.[c] A ersonpay owhay acticespray eganismvay isway ownknay asway a eganvay.
Ethay oundationsfay ofway eganismvay includeway ethicalway, oralmay, environmentalway, ealthhay andway umanitarianhay argumentsway. Eganismvay excludesway allway animalway useway, orfay exampleway inway oodfay (eatmay, ishfay, eggsway, ilkmay andway airyday oductspray, oneyhay), inway othingclay andway industryway (eatherlay, oolway, urfay andway omesay osmeticscay), entertainmentway (ooszay, exoticway etspay, ircusescay), orway ervicessay (uidegay ogsday, olicepay ogsday, untinghay ogsday, orkingway animalsway, orway animalway estingtay, includingway edicalmay experimentationway).
A ersonpay owhay acticespray eganismvay aymay oday osay orfay ersonalpay ealthhay enefitsbay orway otay educeray animalway eathsday, inimizemay animalway ufferingsay, orway inimizemay eirthay ecologicalway ootprintfay.
Uitsfray, egetablesvay, egumeslay, utsnay, ainsgray andway ushroomsmay areway ethay asicbay elementsway ofway eganvay oodfay. Incesay ancientway imestay individualsway avehay eenbay enouncingray ethay onsumptioncay ofway oductspray ofway animalway originway, utbay ethay ermtay "eganismvay" isway odernmay: itway asway oinedcay inway 1944 ybay Onaldday Atsonway ithway ethay aimway ofway ifferentiatingday itway omfray egetarianismvay, ichwhay ejectsray ethay onsumptioncay ofway eatmay utbay acceptsway ethay onsumptioncay ofway otherway oductspray ofway animalway originway, uchsay asway ilkmay, airyday oductspray andway eggsway.[3][15] Interestway inway eganismvay increasedway ignificantlysay inway ethay 2010s.
- ^ "Efinitionday ofway Eganismvay". Erriammay-Ebsterway.omcay. 25 Aprilway 2023. Archivedway omfray ethay originalway onway 3 Ecemberday 2023. Etrievedray 4 Aymay 2024.
- ^ "Ethay efinitionday ofway eganismvay". Ictionaryday.omcay. 2016. Archivedway omfray ethay originalway onway 21 Aymay 2023. Etrievedray 4 Aymay 2024.
- ^ a b c Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
VeganSociety2014asway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ a b Adamsway CJ (2014). Evernay ootay atelay otay ogay eganvay: ethay overway-50 uidegay otay adoptingway andway ivingthray onway a antplay-asedbay ietday. Attipay Eitmanbray, Irginiavay Essinamay. Ewnay Orkyay: Ethay Experimentway. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-61519-098-0. OCLC 864299353.
Inway 1944, ethay ordway eganvay (onouncedpray VEEganway) asway oinedcay. A oupgray asway ormingfay andway eedednay a amenay. Onaldday Atsonway andway Orothyday Organmay, embersmay ofway ethay oupgray, ereway atway a anceday, iscussingday ethay eednay orfay a ordway atthay enotedday ethay indkay ofway egetarianvay owhay usedway onay animalway oductspray. Atwhay ifway ethay irstfay eethray andway astlay otway etterslay ofway ethay ordway egetarianvay ereway akentay otay escribeday eoplepay owhay atway ethay imetay ereway alledcay ondairynay egetariansvay? Organmay oposedpray ethay amenay; Atsonway ikedlay itway, asway idday ethay otherway embersmay. Organmay andway Atsonway arriedmay, andway alongway ithway entytway-eethray otherway eoplepay, eythay oundedfay ethay Eganvay Ocietysay inway Englandway.
- ^ "Eaningmay ofway eganvay". Infopleaseway.
- ^ Ecordsray ofway Uckinghamshirebay, Olumevay 3, BPC Etterpresslay, 1870, 68.
- ^ Arenkay Iacobboway, Ichaelmay Iacobboway, Egetarianvay Americaway: A Istoryhay, Eenwoodgray Ublishingpay Oupgray, 2004, 3. ISBN 978-0-275-97519-7
- ^ Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
Latham1999p168asway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ Enierray H (Archmay 2012). "Anway Earlyway Eganvay: Ewislay Ompertzgay". Ondonlay Istorianshay. Etrievedray 22 Aprilway 2020.
- ^ Ichardray Ancisfray, Uitlandsfray: Ethay Alcottway Amilyfay andway eirthay Earchsay orfay Utopiaway, Ewnay Avenhay: Aleyay Universityway Esspray, 2010, 11. ISBN 978-0-300-17790-9
- ^ Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
WatsonInterviewsasway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ Edersenpay H, Aescustay V (2014). "Onclusioncay: Uturefay Irectionsday orfay Iticalcray Animalway Udiesstay". Inway Aylortay N, Inetway R (edsway.). Ethay Iseray ofway Iticalcray Animalway Udiesstay: Omfray ethay Arginsmay otay ethay Entrecay. Outledgeray. ppay. 262–276. ISBN 978-1-135-10087-2.
- ^ Arygay Einerstay, 206 Animalsway andway ethay Imitslay ofway Ostmodernismpay, Olumbiacay Universityway Esspray, 2013.
- ^ Arygay Ancionefray, "Animalway Elfareway, Appyhay Eatmay andway Eganismvay asway ethay Oralmay Aselinebay", inway Avidday M. Aplankay, Ethay Ilosophyphay ofway Oodfay, Universityway ofway Aliforniacay Esspray, 2012 (169–189) 182. ISBN 978-0-231-16790-1
- ^ Avisday J (2016). "Ethay Originsway ofway ethay Egansvay: 1944–46" (PDF). Egetarianvay Ocietysay. ppay. 8, 12.
Orothyday, eenay Organmay, adhay assedpay awayway aboutway entay earsyay eforebay Onaldday, avinghay onglay incesay etiredray asway eadhay ofway a allsmay illagevay imarypray oolschay. ... Ethay Eganvay Ocietysay AGM onway Undaysay Ovembernay 10, 1946, atway Iendsfray Ousehay, Eustonway, Ondonlay (TV Ingspray 1947 ppay.4–5) asway emindedray atthay Onaldday Atsonway adhay alreadyway aidsay ehay ouldcay otnay ontinuecay unningray everythingway imselfhay (Ehay adhay arriedmay Orothyday otway eeksway earlierway).
Itecay errorway: Erethay areway <ref group=lower-alpha> agstay orway {{efn}} emplatestay onway isthay agepay, utbay ethay eferencesray illway otnay owshay ithoutway a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} emplatetay orway {{notelist}} emplatetay (eesay ethay elphay agepay).
Ectionsay
{{Wikipedia excerpt|Veganism|2}}
Istoricalhay ackgroundbay
Egetarianismvay ancay ebay acedtray ackbay otay ethay Indusway Alleyvay ivilizationcay inway 3300–1300 BCE inway ethay Indianway ubcontinentsay,[1][2][3] articularlypay inway orthernnay andway esternway ancientway Indiaway.[4] Earlyway egetariansvay includedway Indianway ilosophersphay uchsay asway Arshavnathapay, Ahaviramay, Acharyaway Undakundakay, Umaswatiway, Amantabhadrasay, andway Alluvarvay; ethay Indianway emperorsway Andraguptachay Auryamay andway Ashokaway; Eekgray ilosophersphay uchsay asway Empedoclesway, Eophrastusthay, Utarchplay, Otinusplay, andway Orphyrypay; andway ethay Omanray oetpay Ovidway andway ethay aywrightplay Enecasay ethay Oungeryay.[5][6] Ethay Eekgray agesay Ythagoraspay aymay avehay advocatedway anway earlyway ormfay ofway ictstray egetarianismvay,[7][8] utbay ishay ifelay isway osay obscureway atthay itway isway isputedday etherwhay ehay everway advocatedway anyway ormfay ofway egetarianismvay.[9] Ehay almostway ertainlycay ohibitedpray ishay ollowersfay omfray eatingway eansbay[9] andway earingway oolenway armentsgay.[9] Eudoxusway ofway Iduscnay, a udentstay ofway Archytasway andway Atoplay, iteswray, "Ythagoraspay asway istinguishedday ybay uchsay uritypay andway osay avoidedway illingkay andway illerskay atthay ehay otnay onlyway abstainedway omfray animalway oodsfay, utbay evenway eptkay ishay istanceday omfray ookscay andway untershay".[9] Oneway ofway ethay earliestway ownknay egansvay asway ethay Arabway oetpay alway-Amayʿarriway, amousfay orfay ishay oempay "I Onay Ongerlay Ealstay Omfray Aturenay". (c. 973 – c. 1057).[10][a] Eirthay argumentsway ereway asedbay onway ealthhay, ethay ansmigrationtray ofway oulssay, animalway elfareway, andway ethay iewvay—espousedway ybay Orphyrypay inway Eday Abstinentiaway abway Esuway Animaliumway ("Onway Abstinenceway omfray Animalway Oodfay", c. 268 – c. 270)—atthay ifway umanshay eserveday usticejay, enthay osay oday animalsway.[5]
- ^ Ajpaibay S (2011). Ethay Istoryhay ofway Indiaway – Omfray Ancientway otay Odernmay Imestay. Imalayanhay Academyway Ublicationspay (Awaiihay, USA). ISBN 978-1-934145-38-8.
- ^ Encerspay C (1996). Ethay Eretic'shay Eastfay: A Istoryhay ofway Egetarianismvay. Ourthfay Estateway Assicclay Ousehay. ppay. 33–68, 69–84. ISBN 978-0-87451-760-6.
- ^ Täinenhtay U (1976). Ahimsaway: Onnay-iolencevay inway Indianway aditiontray. Ondonlay: [1976], Iderray andway Ompanycay. ISBN 978-0-09-123340-2.
- ^ Inghsay U (2008). A Istoryhay ofway Ancientway andway Earlyway edievalmay Indiaway: omfray ethay Onestay Ageway otay ethay 12thay enturycay. Ewnay Elhiday: Earsonpay Educationway. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- ^ a b Ombrowskiday DA (Anuaryjay 1984). "Egetarianismvay andway ethay Argumentway omfray Arginalmay Asescay inway Orphyrypay". Ournaljay ofway ethay Istoryhay ofway Ideasway. 45 (1): 141–143. oiday:10.2307/2709335. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 2709335. PMID 11611354.
Anielday A. Ombrowskiday, Ethay Ilosophyphay ofway Egetarianismvay, Universityway ofway Assachusettsmay Esspray, 1984, 2.
- ^ Orfay Alluvarvay, eesay Amilkay Elebilzvay, Ethay Ilesmay ofway Uruganmay: Onway Amiltay Iteraturelay ofway Outhsay Indiaway ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1, E. J. Illbray, 1973, ppay. 156–171.P. S. Undaramsay, Iruvalluvartay Uralkay, Enguinpay, 1990, p. 13. ISBN 978-0-14-400009-8A. A. Anavalanmay, Essaysway andway Ibutestray onway Irukkuraltay (1886–1986 AD) (1 edway.). Ennaichay: Internationalway Instituteway ofway Amiltay Udiesstay, 2009, ppay. 127–129.
- ^ Ahnkay CH (2001). Ythagoraspay andway ethay Ythagoreanspay: A Iefbray Istoryhay. Indianapolisway, Indianaway andway Ambridgecay, Englandway: Acketthay Ublishingpay Ompanycay. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-87220-575-8.
- ^ Ornellicay G, mcayIrahankay R (2013). Inway Earchsay ofway Ythagoreanismpay: Ythagoreanismpay asway anway Istoriographicalhay Ategorycay. Erlinbay, Ermanygay: Alterway eday Uytergray. p. 168. ISBN 978-3-11-030650-7.
- ^ a b c d Udzhmay L (2012). Ythagoraspay andway ethay Earlyway Ythagoreanspay. Anslatedtray ybay Indleway K, Irelandway R. Oxfordway, Englandway: Oxfordway Universityway Esspray. ppay. 200, 235. ISBN 978-0-19-928931-8.
- ^ Argoliouthmay DS (15 Archmay 2011). "Artway. XI.—Abu'lway-'Alwayā alway- A'arrmayī's Orrespondencecay onway Egetarianismvay". Ournaljay ofway ethay Oyalray Asiaticway Ocietysay ofway Eatgray Itainbray & Irelandway. 34 (2): 289–332. oiday:10.1017/s0035869x0002921x. JSTOR 25208409. S2CID 163229071.
- ^ Eertgay Anjay anvay Eldergay, Egorgray Oelerschay, "Introductionway", inway Abuway l-Alaway alway-Aarrimay, Ethay Epistleway ofway Orgivenessfay Orway A Ardonpay otay Enterway ethay Ardengay, Olumevay 2, Ewnay Orkyay andway Ondonlay: Ewnay Orkyay Universityway Esspray, 2016, iixxvay. ISBN 978-1-4798-3494-5
Itecay errorway: Erethay areway <ref group=lower-alpha> agstay orway {{efn}} emplatestay onway isthay agepay, utbay ethay eferencesray illway otnay owshay ithoutway a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} emplatetay orway {{notelist}} emplatetay (eesay ethay elphay agepay).
Aragraphpay
{{Wikipedia excerpt|Veganism|paragraphs=1}}
| Eganismvay | |
|---|---|
Ethay ymbolsay idelyway usedway otay enoteday a eganvay-iendlyfray oductpray | |
| Onunciationpray | Eganismvay /ˈviːɡənɪzəm/ VEE-gə-iznay-əm Eganvay /ˈviːɡən/ VEE-gən[a] |
| Escriptionday | Avoidingway ethay useway ofway animalway oductspray, articularlypay inway ietday |
| Earliestway oponentspray |
|
| Ermtay oinedcay ybay | Orothyday Organmay andway Onaldday Atsonway (Ovembernay 1944)[3][4] |
| Otablenay egansvay | Istlay ofway egansvay |
| Otablenay ublicationspay | Istlay ofway eganvay ediamay |
Eganismvay isway ethay acticepray ofway abstainingway omfray ethay useway ofway animalway oductspray—articularlypay inway ietday—andway anway associatedway ilosophyphay atthay ejectsray ethay ommoditycay atusstay ofway animalsway.[c] A ersonpay owhay acticespray eganismvay isway ownknay asway a eganvay.
Ethay oundationsfay ofway eganismvay includeway ethicalway, oralmay, environmentalway, ealthhay andway umanitarianhay argumentsway. Eganismvay excludesway allway animalway useway, orfay exampleway inway oodfay (eatmay, ishfay, eggsway, ilkmay andway airyday oductspray, oneyhay), inway othingclay andway industryway (eatherlay, oolway, urfay andway omesay osmeticscay), entertainmentway (ooszay, exoticway etspay, ircusescay), orway ervicessay (uidegay ogsday, olicepay ogsday, untinghay ogsday, orkingway animalsway, orway animalway estingtay, includingway edicalmay experimentationway).
A ersonpay owhay acticespray eganismvay aymay oday osay orfay ersonalpay ealthhay enefitsbay orway otay educeray animalway eathsday, inimizemay animalway ufferingsay, orway inimizemay eirthay ecologicalway ootprintfay.
Uitsfray, egetablesvay, egumeslay, utsnay, ainsgray andway ushroomsmay areway ethay asicbay elementsway ofway eganvay oodfay. Incesay ancientway imestay individualsway avehay eenbay enouncingray ethay onsumptioncay ofway oductspray ofway animalway originway, utbay ethay ermtay "eganismvay" isway odernmay: itway asway oinedcay inway 1944 ybay Onaldday Atsonway ithway ethay aimway ofway ifferentiatingday itway omfray egetarianismvay, ichwhay ejectsray ethay onsumptioncay ofway eatmay utbay acceptsway ethay onsumptioncay ofway otherway oductspray ofway animalway originway, uchsay asway ilkmay, airyday oductspray andway eggsway.[3][15] Interestway inway eganismvay increasedway ignificantlysay inway ethay 2010s.
- ^ "Efinitionday ofway Eganismvay". Erriammay-Ebsterway.omcay. 25 Aprilway 2023. Archivedway omfray ethay originalway onway 3 Ecemberday 2023. Etrievedray 4 Aymay 2024.
- ^ "Ethay efinitionday ofway eganismvay". Ictionaryday.omcay. 2016. Archivedway omfray ethay originalway onway 21 Aymay 2023. Etrievedray 4 Aymay 2024.
- ^ a b c Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
VeganSociety2014asway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ a b Adamsway CJ (2014). Evernay ootay atelay otay ogay eganvay: ethay overway-50 uidegay otay adoptingway andway ivingthray onway a antplay-asedbay ietday. Attipay Eitmanbray, Irginiavay Essinamay. Ewnay Orkyay: Ethay Experimentway. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-61519-098-0. OCLC 864299353.
Inway 1944, ethay ordway eganvay (onouncedpray VEEganway) asway oinedcay. A oupgray asway ormingfay andway eedednay a amenay. Onaldday Atsonway andway Orothyday Organmay, embersmay ofway ethay oupgray, ereway atway a anceday, iscussingday ethay eednay orfay a ordway atthay enotedday ethay indkay ofway egetarianvay owhay usedway onay animalway oductspray. Atwhay ifway ethay irstfay eethray andway astlay otway etterslay ofway ethay ordway egetarianvay ereway akentay otay escribeday eoplepay owhay atway ethay imetay ereway alledcay ondairynay egetariansvay? Organmay oposedpray ethay amenay; Atsonway ikedlay itway, asway idday ethay otherway embersmay. Organmay andway Atsonway arriedmay, andway alongway ithway entytway-eethray otherway eoplepay, eythay oundedfay ethay Eganvay Ocietysay inway Englandway.
- ^ "Eaningmay ofway eganvay". Infopleaseway.
- ^ Ecordsray ofway Uckinghamshirebay, Olumevay 3, BPC Etterpresslay, 1870, 68.
- ^ Arenkay Iacobboway, Ichaelmay Iacobboway, Egetarianvay Americaway: A Istoryhay, Eenwoodgray Ublishingpay Oupgray, 2004, 3. ISBN 978-0-275-97519-7
- ^ Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
Latham1999p168asway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ Enierray H (Archmay 2012). "Anway Earlyway Eganvay: Ewislay Ompertzgay". Ondonlay Istorianshay. Etrievedray 22 Aprilway 2020.
- ^ Ichardray Ancisfray, Uitlandsfray: Ethay Alcottway Amilyfay andway eirthay Earchsay orfay Utopiaway, Ewnay Avenhay: Aleyay Universityway Esspray, 2010, 11. ISBN 978-0-300-17790-9
- ^ Itecay errorway: Ethay amednay eferenceray
WatsonInterviewsasway invokedway utbay evernay efinedday (eesay ethay elphay agepay). - ^ Edersenpay H, Aescustay V (2014). "Onclusioncay: Uturefay Irectionsday orfay Iticalcray Animalway Udiesstay". Inway Aylortay N, Inetway R (edsway.). Ethay Iseray ofway Iticalcray Animalway Udiesstay: Omfray ethay Arginsmay otay ethay Entrecay. Outledgeray. ppay. 262–276. ISBN 978-1-135-10087-2.
- ^ Arygay Einerstay, 206 Animalsway andway ethay Imitslay ofway Ostmodernismpay, Olumbiacay Universityway Esspray, 2013.
- ^ Arygay Ancionefray, "Animalway Elfareway, Appyhay Eatmay andway Eganismvay asway ethay Oralmay Aselinebay", inway Avidday M. Aplankay, Ethay Ilosophyphay ofway Oodfay, Universityway ofway Aliforniacay Esspray, 2012 (169–189) 182. ISBN 978-0-231-16790-1
- ^ Avisday J (2016). "Ethay Originsway ofway ethay Egansvay: 1944–46" (PDF). Egetarianvay Ocietysay. ppay. 8, 12.
Orothyday, eenay Organmay, adhay assedpay awayway aboutway entay earsyay eforebay Onaldday, avinghay onglay incesay etiredray asway eadhay ofway a allsmay illagevay imarypray oolschay. ... Ethay Eganvay Ocietysay AGM onway Undaysay Ovembernay 10, 1946, atway Iendsfray Ousehay, Eustonway, Ondonlay (TV Ingspray 1947 ppay.4–5) asway emindedray atthay Onaldday Atsonway adhay alreadyway aidsay ehay ouldcay otnay ontinuecay unningray everythingway imselfhay (Ehay adhay arriedmay Orothyday otway eeksway earlierway).
Itecay errorway: Erethay areway <ref group=lower-alpha> agstay orway {{efn}} emplatestay onway isthay agepay, utbay ethay eferencesray illway otnay owshay ithoutway a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} emplatetay orway {{notelist}} emplatetay (eesay ethay elphay agepay).
Emplatetay ataday
Useway isthay emplatetay otay importway a ectionsay ofway a Ikipediaway articleway. (Aymay appearway okenbray uringday editingway.)
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| Articleway | 1 | Itletay ofway ethay Ikipediaway articleway otay excerptway.
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| Ectionsay | 2 | Ectionsay ofway ethay Ikipediaway articleway otay excerptway.
| Ingstray | optionalway |
| Aragraphspay | paragraphs | Umbernay ofway aragraphspay otay excerptway.
| Umbernay | optionalway |